Comparative Analysis of Probiotic Interventions for Improving Productivity Indicators in Broiler Chickens: A Global Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30736/jt.v16i2.276Keywords:
broiler chicken, Probiotic, Performance, Feed Conversion Ratio, ProductivityAbstract
Industri unggas broiler terus mengalami pertumbuhan pesat, didorong oleh meningkatnya permintaan global akan protein hewani. Namun, tantangan terkait efisiensi pakan, kesehatan usus, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan tetap menjadi isu kritis dalam produksi broiler. Penggunaan probiotik dalam pakan broiler telah diadopsi sebagai alternatif antibiotik; meskipun demikian, efektivitasnya bervariasi tergantung pada jenis probiotik, dosis, dan kondisi lingkungan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi probiotik terbaik untuk ayam broiler, mengevaluasi dan membandingkan efektivitas berbagai jenis probiotik dalam meningkatkan produktivitas broiler, dengan fokus pada peningkatan berat badan, efisiensi pakan, dan kesehatan usus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis (SLR) sesuai dengan pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan di lima basis data utama: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi mencakup studi empiris yang mengevaluasi efek probiotik pada ayam broiler yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 dan 2025. Data diekstrak dan dianalisis menggunakan NVivo 14 untuk sintesis tematik Kualitas artikel dinilai menggunakan Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Sebanyak 23 studi dimasukkan dalam analisis. Probiotik berbasis Bacillus dan multi-strain menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pertambahan berat badan, rasio konversi pakan (FCR), dan kesehatan usus pada ayam broiler. Probiotik multi-strain menunjukkan efek sinergis yang lebih unggul dalam meningkatkan performa ayam broiler dibandingkan dengan probiotik strain tunggal. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya meliputi uji perbandingan langsung antara berbagai jenis probiotik dalam kondisi yang lebih terstandarisasi dan eksplorasi lebih lanjut tentang sinbiotik sebagai alternatif yang lebih komprehensif.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Iman Aji Wijoyo; Devinta Firanda, Sabila Mahesa Ayu Ramadan, Dini Sukma Ayu, Irsyadul Khabib, Ponchi Arnold Dopong Maring
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